Introduction
Smoking
is tobacco burning and then inhaled using either smoke cigarettes or use the
pipe. Smoking is an object that has been familiar to the public. Smoking has
become a common and widespread in the society, but smoking habits difficult to
lose and under-recognized by people as a bad habit.
While the reasons people smoke because
of seeing their parents smoking, relieve boredom, addiction, to relieve
stress, and etc.
Gaseous
components of cigarette smoke is
carbon monoxide, ammonia, acids hidrosianat, nitrogen oxides
and formaldehyde. Particles of tar,
indole, nicotine, karbarzol and cresol.
These substances are toxic,
irritant and cause cancer (carcinogens). Nicotine
is most often found
in cigarettes. Levels of nicotine in cigarettes
is a 4-5mg.
The
effect of smoking is influenced by the
large number of cigarettes smoked, smoking duration, type
of cigarettes smoked, even
related to the way smoking cigarettes.
That is, the more cigarettes smoked,
the longer the habit of smoking, higher levels
of tar and nicotine that is
inhaled, the more a person smoked
in cigarettes, the
higher the effect of destruction
that will be received by that person.
From
the WHO statistics 2011, Indonesia became the country with the largest
cigarette consumption number 3 behind China and India and on Russia and the
United States. Whereas the total population, Indonesia is in a 4th
position that after China, India and the United States. Different to the number
of American smokers tend to decline, the number of smokers Indonesia actually
gain in 9 years. Growth in Indonesia cigarettes in the period 2000-2008 was
0.9% each year.
Data
of smokers in Indonesia stated that 34% of adults, adolescents 13.5%, 52.5%
tobacco-free. As for the statistics of teen smokers in Indonesia from 2011 WHO
report data for Indonesia that 24% of young men, young women 4%, and 72% do not
smoke. Therefore we raised the theme of teen smoking is to be discussed and
processed using the method of normative sampling distribution, with the scope
of citizens Faculty of Science and Technology of Airlangga University.
Problem
How
the percentage of smokers from the citizens of the Faculty of Science and Technology of Airlangga University, what can be inferred, and
solutions to minimize
the smokers from the citizens?
Analysis
Table
of Smokers and No Smokers Citizens Faculty of
Science and Technology
Teenager
(17-19 years)
|
Adult
(20-35 years)
|
Old
(36-55 years)
|
Sum
|
|
Smokers
|
5 people
|
6 people
|
3 people
|
14 people
|
No Smokers
|
9 people
|
2 people
|
-
|
11 people
|
Sum of Sample
|
25 people
|
|||
Bar Chart Smokers and
No Smokers Citizens
Faculty of Science and Technology
From
some citizen
Faculty of Sains and Technology of Airlangga
University consisting of students, staff, and
sellers who are in
the cafeteria, taken 25 samples
that 14 people are
smokers and 11 were not smokers. The average citizen
Faculty of Sains and Technology consume
3 bars / person. Then
take a random sample
of 25 people, 6 people were consuming <3
bars, 4 people consume
3-5 bars, 4
persons consuming > 5 bars.
With details of a data size of 14, is {2, 2, 2, 2,
1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8} with
the sample we can calculate, that:
nsmokers= 14 people
nno smokers= 11 people
=3 bars/person
N= 
(because
the population is not know)
(because
the population is not know)
By using
the principle 1 of sampling distribution using the
Central Limit Theorem of Distribution-t
Formula:
The Average or Mean
=
= 
= 
= 3,78
Varians
random
sample of size n
S2 =
]
= 0,077 [3,17+3,17+3,17+3,17+7,73
+7,73+0,61+0,65+ 0,65+1,49+4,93+ 4,93+ ....10,37+17,8 ]
= 0,077 ×
68,37
= 5,26449
Standart Deviasi
S = 
= 
= 2,294
= = 2,294
tcount
or the
value of a random
variable
T
tc=
= 
= 
= 
= 1,273
= = = = 1,273
ttable = 
= 1,711 (look at
the table of distribution-t)
= 1,711 (look at
the table of distribution-t)
That: 
< ttable, so the above
statement is true.
< ttable, so the above
statement is true.
The
solution to minimize the smokers are:
1.
Stop
smoking by instilling a strong will to get out of the
habit
2.
Let
the smokers realize the health dangers of smoking for body
3. Choosing
good friends who
do not like smoke, and shun
friends who have
a culture of smoking
4. Trying to reduce cigarette
consumption, little by little on a regular basis every day
5. Divert attention when the
desire of smoking on themselves, such as diverting
the desire to smoke with eating candy, eating healthy
snacks or eat fruit
6. There is no
harm in asking for help families to help
us stop these bad
habits, such as by way of reminding us of the dangers
of smoking, more intensive chatting to
divert our attention to the cigarettes or act
decisively when we violate our smoking
rehabilitation process.
Summary
From the
above calculations, the conclusion
that the citizens of FST
smoking more at age 20-35 years more than with smokers aged 36-55 and 17-19 years. And for the no smokers at age 17-19 years more than
the age of 20-35 years. So, citizens of Faculty
of Science and Technology of
Airlangga University are more smokers than no smokers.
Bibliography
Walpole, R.E. 1995. Pengantar Statistika. Edisi ke-3. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Narimawati, U., and Munandar, D. 2008. Teknik Sampling: Teori dan Praktik dengan Menggunakan SPSS 15.
Yogyakarta: Gava Media.
Hoel, P.G. 1971. Introduction
to Mathematical Statistics. Fourth Edition. New York: John Wiley &
Sons.
Sediono. 2011. Diktat Statistika I. Surabaya:
Universitas Airlangga.
Anonim.
2011. Negara Jumlah Perokok Terbesar Di
Dunia. Accessed on http://nusantaranews.wordpress.com/2009/05/31/10-negara-jumlah-perokok-terbesar-di-dunia/
